レンダリングして保存

import bpy
import os

bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=32, ring_count=16, radius=1, calc_uvs=True, enter_editmode=False, align='WORLD', location=(-1, 0, 0), rotation=(0, 0, 0))
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=32, ring_count=16, radius=1, calc_uvs=True, enter_editmode=False, align='WORLD', location=(0, 0, 0), rotation=(0, 0, 0))
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=32, ring_count=16, radius=1, calc_uvs=True, enter_editmode=False, align='WORLD', location=(1, 0, 0), rotation=(0, 0, 0))

bpy.ops.render.render()
bpy.data.images['Render Result'].save_render(filepath = os.environ['HOMEPATH'] + '/hoge.png')